Music Cataloging at Yale ♪ Sound recording cataloging
Note: this page was created as an aid for cataloging sound recordings.
Excerpted from Preparing for the brave new world of sound recordings cataloging
by Mary Huismann, University of Minnesota; used with permission
See the complete power point presentation from the 2006 OLAC Conference
information also from Wikipedia and other sources
| Year | Physical format | Content format |
| 1870s | Phonograph cylinder | Analog; "hill-and-dale" grooves, vertical stylus |
| 1895 | Gramophone record | Analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus |
| ca. 1898 | 78rpm or 78s | disc first produced around 1898; popular from 1910-1950s; by 1910 actual speed ranged from about 78 to 80 rpm; size was 10 or 12 inches |
| 1930s | Wire recording | Analog |
| 1940s 1 | Reel-to-reel tape Magnetic tape |
Analog |
| 1948 | Vinyl record | Analog; lateral grooves, horizontal stylus also known as LP or long-playing records |
| 1954 | ||
| 1957 | Stereophonic vinyl record | Analog; lateral/vertical stylus (each channel encoded 45 degrees to vertical) |
| 1963 2 | Audio cassette | Analog; 1/8 in. tape width; 1 7/8 ips popular in the US through the 1990s |
| 1964 | 8-track tape | Analog; 1/4 in. tape width; 3 3/4 ips in an endless loop cartridge |
| 1969 | Microcassette | Analog |
| 1970 | Dolby noise reduction introduced (cassettes) | |
| 1975 | Betamax digital audio | "Dolby Stereo" cinema surround sound |
| 1982 | Compact disc | Digital; usually 4 3/4 in. diameter first available in Japan in October 1982, in Europe in February 1983, and in the US in March 1983 |
| 1985 | CD-ROM | |
| 1987 | Digital audio tape (DAT) | cassette version of the CD; used in the recording industry until 2000; DAT players ceased production in 2005 |
| 1990s | Digital compact cassette | |
| 1991 | MiniDisc | |
| 1992 | WAVEform (WAV) Dolby digital surround cinema sound |
|
| 1993 | Dolby theatre system (DTS) Sony dynamic digital sound (SDDS) |
|
| 1995 | MP3 | |
| 1996 | DVD | |
| 1999 3 | Streaming audio | |
| 1999 | Super audio CD (SACD) | Windows media audio (WMA) (higher sampling rate, spatial sound capability) |
| 2000 | DVD-Audio | |
| 2004 | DualDisc | CD on one side, DVD on the other |
| 2005 | Playaway | |
| Cataloging guidelines: | Playaway Guide to cataloging playaway devices (MLA/OLAC Playaway Cataloging Joint Task Force) WAV, WMA, MP3: Best practices for cataloging streaming media (OLAC Cataloging Policy Committee) |
|
OCLC gives different dates; see www.oclc.org/bibformats/en/2xx/260.shtm under REC guidelines for $c
1 OCLC gives this date as 1954
2 OCLC gives this date as 1965
3 This date is from OCLC