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Musical biographical resources on the Web

♪ Music Cataloging at Yale [1] ♪

See also Printed biographical sources for composers and their works held in the Yale University Music Library [2]
and
Biographical resources [3] (from Authority Control at Yale)

General resources | Composer biographies | by time period | Women composers and musicians | Performer biographies
Birth and death indexes | Online music publishers' catalogs [4]
Multiple composer biographical sources by city, country, or geographic area | instrument or genre

General resources

General:
Biographie-Portal [5]
      • Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)
      • Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)
      • Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950 (ÖBL)
      • Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)
      • Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon [6] (OeML)
      • Rheinland-Pfälzische Personendatenbank (RPPD)
      • Sächsische Biografie (SäBi)
      • Slovenska biografija (SBI)

Music:

Composer biographies

Composer biographies by time period

Women composers and musicians biographies

Performer biographies

Birth and death indexes

By country or geographic area
International Association of Music Information Centres [109]: 43 member organisations in 38 countries
See also Classical music country index [110]

Multiple composers biographical sources by instrument or genre

Cello: A catalogue of twentieth-century cello ensemble music [251] (pdf)
Church music: Biographisch-bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon [252] (not music-specific)
Clarinet: Clarinet compositions [253]
The clarinet quintet [254]
Flute: Composers of flute music [255]
Claudia's flutepage [256] (composers and flutists)
Guitar: Compositores Guitarristas Catalanes, nacidos en el siglo XIX [257] | siglo XX [258] (Internet archive versions)
Classical guitar composers list - alphabetical [259]
Las compositoras españolas de obras con guitarra [82]
Dirks guitar page [260]
Max Eschig [261] guitar catalog, pdf, 2001
Guitar composers of the classical and early romantic period, circa 1780-1900 [262]
The guitar in Italy in the nineteenth century, sixty biographies of Italian composers and guitarists [263] (PDF; Internet archive version of 12/6/05)
Illiustrirovannyi biograficheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' gitaristy i kompository [207] (illustrated biographical encyclopedic dictionary of guitarists and composers (in Russian (Cyrillic))
Master list of classical guitar composers [264] arranged by nationality
Mujer y guitarra española [92] (Spanish Women composers for guitar)
Partituras para guitarra clás [265] (use the list of composers along the right side of the page)
Select list of works written in the last 25 years for guitar [266] held at the Australian Music Centre library
Sheer pluck [267]
Three composers significant to nineteenth century Nordic guitar tradition [268]
Wikipedia list of composers for the classical guitar (nationality) [269]
Hymns: Hymnary [270]
HymnTime.com [271]
Jazz: Wikipedia Liste des musiciens de jazz A-K [272] | L-Z [273] | The last post [274] database of jazz people who have "gone on"
Opera: Opera composers [275]
Italian Opera [276]
Opernführer [277] = Opera guide : 1001 Links zu Libretti und Inhaltsangaben in verschiedenen Sprachen
Zarzuela! [278]
Organ: Biographical dictionary of organists, composers for organ and organ builders [279]
Composers for the organ [280]
Liste von Organisten [281] (from German Wikipedia)
Piano: Pianopedia [282]: includes 894 composers, 5471 works (indicating 15748 movements or excerpt)
Piano music for the left hand alone [283]
Recorder: Composers for recorder on the Web [284] (Internet archive version of 1/24/14)
Saxophone: Listes des compositeurs et leurs oeuvres [285]
Catálogo de obras para saxofón de compositores de América Latina [190]
Song: Index of composers of Lieder and art songs [286]
Deutsches Lied [287]
Italian composers whose songs have been recorded by or with the Trio Lescano A-C [182] | D-L [183] | D-L [184] | Q-Z [185]
Stabat Mater: www.stabatmater.info/composers.html [288]
Trombone: Canadian compositions for trombone [139]
Viola: List of compositions for viola: A-E [289] | F-K [290] | L-R [291] | S-Z [292]
Source URL: https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/musical-biographical-resources-on-the-web

Links
[1] http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music
[2] https://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/printed-biographical-sources-for-composers-and-their-works
[3] http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/authorities/biography
[4] http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/publishers-online-catalogs
[5] http://www.biographie-portal.eu/en/
[6] http://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml?frames=no
[7] https://www.mgg-online.com/
[8] http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/music-search/
[9] http://www.olacinc.org/drupal/?q=node/13
[10] http://www.archive.org/search.php?query=Biographisch-bibliographisches%20Quellen-Lexikon%20der%20Musiker%20und%20Musikgelehrten
[11] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver01ft
[12] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver02ft
[13] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver03ft
[14] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver04ft
[15] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver05ft
[16] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver06ft
[17] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver07ft
[18] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver08ft
[19] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver187801ft
[20] http://www.archive.org/details/biographieuniver187802ft
[21] http://web.archive.org/web/20050402010358/www.lib.duke.edu/dw3/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=177
[22] http://www.ibdb.com
[23] http://www.imdb.com/
[24] http://www.afrovoices.com/index.html
[25] http://chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/Others.html
[26] http://www.sas.upenn.edu/music/ams/musicology_www.html#CAC
[27] http://www.composers.com/
[28] http://www.composersforum.com/links/composerlinks.html
[29] http://composers-classical-music.com
[30] http://campus.houghton.edu/webs/employees/mhijleh/members.html
[31] http://www.kanadas.com/music/composers.html
[32] http://classicalplus.gmn.com/composers/
[33] http://www.classical-composers.org/cgi-bin/ccd.cgi
[34] http://www.musicweb.uk.net/composers.html
[35] http://www.musicweb.uk.net/british.htm
[36] http://www.musicweb.uk.net/other.htm
[37] http://www.bands.uiuc.edu/library_bd_static.html
[38] http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/music/research_help/outsidelinks.html#composer
[39] http://www.music.indiana.edu/music_resources/composer.html
[40] http://userpages.umbc.edu/~tmoore//musiclinks.html
[41] http://www.xs4all.nl/~gaud/biobak/biobak.htm
[42] http://web.simmons.edu/~morrow/comp.html
[43] http://composers-classical-music.com/
[44] http://web.archive.org/web/20050402010959/www.lib.duke.edu/dw3/SPT--BrowseResources.php?ParentId=178
[45] http://www.cdmc.asso.fr/oldhtml/html/compositeurs/bio/comp2_gene.htm
[46] http://www.coomansft.pair.com/conners/classica.html
[47] http://ingeb.org/garb/poeten.html
[48] http://www.under.org/cpcc/direct.htm
[49] http://mac-texier.ircam.fr/methode/ComList?lettre=A
[50] http://www.jmwc.org/jmwc_biography.html
[51] http://www.milkenarchive.org/artists/artists.taf?PageID=3
[52] http://home.t-online.de/home/pfaelzer.saenger/07komp.htm
[53] http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/content/below/index.xml
[54] http://www.copyright.gov/records/cohm.html
[55] http://books.google.com/books?id=FDghAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[56] http://books.google.com/books?id=0DkhAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[57] http://books.google.com/books?id=QDshAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[58] http://books.google.com/books?id=ATwhAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[59] http://books.google.com/books?id=8VkhAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[60] http://books.google.com/books?id=W0AhAQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Catalog%20of%20copyright%20entries%22%20%2B%22musical%20compositions%22&lr&source=gbs_slider_thumb#v=onepage&q&f=false
[61] http://composers21.com/
[62] http://www.meetthecomposer.org/contacts.htm
[63] http://musicmoz.org/Composition/Composers/Contemporary/
[64] http://musicmoz.org/Composition/Composers/Early_20th_Century/
[65] http://alambix.uquebec.ca/musique//compo.html
[66] http://http://www.notanorm.de/komponisten-a-z/komponisten-a-z.htm
[67] http://dictionary.onmusic.org/composers
[68] http://www.jewishgen.org/Belarus/rje_a.htm
[69] http://www.societyofcomposers.org/memberList.php
[70] http://www.amati.com/maker-archive.html
[71] http://maltedmedia.com/voxnovus/Members.htm#composers
[72] https://yale.idm.oclc.org/login?URL=https://www.babelscores.com/
[73] http://web.archive.org/web/20080705183107/http://www.search.com/reference/List_of_21st_century_classical_composers
[74] http://www.etk-muenchen.de/sixcms/detail.php?&id=3852&template=neu_reihe_default_musik
[75] http://www.medieval.org/emfaq/composers/links.html
[76] http://plato.acadiau.ca/courses/musi/callon/2233/composer.htm#top
[77] http://www.kapralova.org/WOMEN.htm
[78] http://www.vrouwenmuziek.nl/links_E.htm
[79] http://150.252.8.92/www/iawm/pages/earth/comp/japancomp.html
[80] http://www.ibiblio.org/nywc/bios.phtml
[81] http://www.njteacher.org:591/buzzarte/
[82] http://mujeryguitarra.wordpress.com/introduccion/las-compositoras-espanolas-de-obras-con-guitarra/
[83] http://www.jmwc.org/Women/women_index.html
[84] http://150.252.8.92/www/iawm/pages/webring.html
[85] http://150.252.8.92/www/iawm/pages/EMWomen.html
[86] http://www.earlywomenmasters.net/
[87] https://archive.org/stream/lesfemmescomposi00ebel#page/n0/mode/2up
[88] http://www.archiv-frau-musik.de/Komponistinnens.htm
[89] http://www.hildegard.com/catalog.html
[90] http://www.leonarda.com/
[91] http://www.komponistinnen.de/hauptseiten/komp_index.htm
[92] http://mujeryguitarra.wordpress.com/
[93] http://mugi.hfmt-hamburg.de/A_lexartikel/index.php
[94] http://sai-national.org/phil/composers/compaz.html
[95] http://www.mic.se/avd/mic/prod/bilagor.nsf/dl/WomenComposers.pdf/$file/WomenComposers.pdf
[96] http://libweb.uoregon.edu/music/Discographies/womencompscore/womscomain.html
[97] http://www.kapralova.org/DATABASE.htm
[98] http://www.kapralova.org/catalogue.pdf
[99] http://www.zeroland.co.nz/classical_women.html
[100] http://www3.sympatico.ca/dmckilli/whc/index.htm
[101] http://www.ambache.co.uk/wNavigate.htm
[102] http://www.womensmusic.com/composers.htm
[103] http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music/biographical-sources-for-performers-on-sound-recordings
[104] http://research.umbc.edu/~tmoore/musiclinks.html?/~tmoore/nml/performers.html
[105] http://www.anybirthday.com/
[106] http://library.wustl.edu/units/music/necro/
[107] http://rootsweb.com/
[108] http://ssdmf.info/
[109] http://www.iamic.net/members
[110] http://www.zeroland.co.nz/classical_music_country_2.html
[111] http://voyager.physics.unlv.edu/webpages2/websyt/archive.html
[112] http://www.musicaclasicaargentina.com/compositores.htm
[113] http://www.ciweb.com.ar/pages/presentacion.php
[114] http://www.mousaler.com/songbook/data/composers.html
[115] http://www.amcoz.com.au/res-bios.htm
[116] http://www.acma.asn.au/members.html
[117] http://www.musicaustria.at/en
[118] http://www.musiklexikon.ac.at/ml?frames=yes
[119] http://www.oekb.org/
[120] http://www.inoek.at/
[121] http://www.cebedem.be/nl/componisten
[122] http://www.matrix-nieuwe-muziek.be/documentatieE/composers/cstarthead.html
[123] http://www.svm.be/composers
[124] http://www.unicamp.br/ciddic/compositores.html
[125] http://www.multimusica.net.br/?q=node/81
[126] http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/
[127] http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~snc/
[128] http://www.musicweb-international.com/british.htm
[129] http://website.lineone.net/~jeremypike/nwca.htm
[130] http://www.composersalliance.com/composers.cfm
[131] http://www.composer.co.uk/composers/index.html#british
[132] http://www.exlibris.org/eem/
[133] http://www.soundandmusic.org/thecollection/resources/thecollection/browse/composer/list
[134] http://www.ubc-bg.com/en
[135] http://www.angelfire.com/bc2/scmbmembers/
[136] http://www.musiccentre.ca/composers
[137] http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=EMCSubjects&Params=U1
[138] http://www.clc-lcc.ca/membership-members.php
[139] http://www.islandtrombone.com/cantrbn.html
[140] http://www.angelfire.com/music/canadiancomposer/Contemporary.html
[141] http://www.facartes.unal.edu.co/compositores/html/_compositores.html
[142] http://www.hds.hr/member/index_en.htm
[143] http://www.musicologica.cz/slovnik/
[144] http://www.musica.cz/en/skladatele.php
[145] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Czech_composers
[146] http://dvm.nu/periodical/dmt/dmt_2001-2002/dmt_2001-2002_05/komponister/
[147] http://www.kb.dk/da/nb/materialer/musik/vejled/vaerk.html
[148] http://www.edition-s.dk/composers
[149] http://www.komponistforeningen.dk/
[150] http://www.emic.kul.ee/InglE/composers.htm
[151] http://helilooja.ee/eng/telli-noote/noodiarhiiv/
[152] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Estonian_composers
[153] https://core.musicfinland.fi/
[154] http://www.composers.fi/en/composers/list-of-composers/
[155] http://www.cdmc.asso.fr/?q=fr/compositeurs/biographies
[156] http://www.musimem.com/biographies.html
[157] http://ratatoulha.chez-alice.fr/sudcaucase.html
[158] http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/index.html
[159] http://www.komponistenarchiv.de/bestaende.php
[160] http://www.komponistenverband.de/
[161] http://www.miz.org/komponisten.html
[162] http://www.fred-prieberg.de/mediapool/21/215679/data/HandbuchGratis.pdf
[163] http://www.etk-muenchen.de/sixcms/detail.php?_nav=7&id=3852&template=etk_reihe_loseblattwerk_musik
[164] http://kultur-netz.de/kuenstler/musiker0.htm?u=/kuenstler/musiker.htm
[165] http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00008091/images/
[166] http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00008092/images/
[167] http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00008093/images/
[168] http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00008094/images/
[169] http://www.wlb-stuttgart.de/index.php?id=1785
[170] http://www.bmlo.uni-muenchen.de/
[171] http://www.thueringer-komponisten.de/
[172] http://www.mmb.org.gr/page/default.asp?la=2&id=17
[173] http://info.bmc.hu/zenemuvek/
[174] http://www.hungarian-composers.com/
[175] http://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magyar_zeneszerz%C5%91k_list%C3%A1ja
[176] http://web.archive.org/web/20070614111556/http://kincsestar.radio.hu/ktz/
[177] http://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flokkur:%C3%8Dslensk_t%C3%B3nsk%C3%A1ld
[178] http://www.cmc.ie/composers/index.cfm
[179] http://www.imi.org.il/Composers.aspx
[180] http://www.israelcomposers.org/
[181] http://www.cidim.it/cidim/content/314772
[182] http://www.trio-lescano.it/autori_italiani_A-C.html
[183] http://www.trio-lescano.it/autori_italiani_D-L.html
[184] http://www.trio-lescano.it/autori_italiani_M-P.html
[185] http://www.trio-lescano.it/autori_italiani_Q-Z.html
[186] http://www.cematitalia.it/index.php?id=5.1&lg=itn
[187] http://www.musicfromjapan.org/resources/mfjcomp.htm
[188] http://www.lib.cua.edu/music/latin-american-music-search
[189] http://www.colegiocompositores-la.org/compositores.asp
[190] http://saxofonlatino.cl/obras.php3?pais=Am%E9rica%20Latina
[191] http://www.music.lv/scripts/music/persons.asp?kat=57&val=2&kid=20&ps=yes&pka=9
[192] http://www.music.lv/scripts/music/persons.asp?kat=57&val=1&kid=20&ps=yes&pka=9
[193] http://www.mic.lt/lt/classical/persons/41
[194] http://www.lgnm.lu/html/composers/index.html
[195] http://www.sokom.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2247&Itemid=129&lang=mk
[196] https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/10138/24893/3/TOMO_UNO.PDF
[197] http://sounz.org.nz/finder/show/people?query=composers&role_group=composer
[198] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Norwegian_composers
[199] http://www.polmic.pl/index.php?option=com_mwosoby&view=kompozytorzy&Itemid=5&lang=pl/
[200] http://www.usc.edu/dept/polish_music/composer/composer.html#pmrc
[201] http://www.culture.pl/en/culture/muzyka/sylwetki
[202] http://republika.pl/completorium/tour.htm
[203] http://sites.google.com/site/patrimoniomusical/
[204] http://www.meloteca.com/musicos-compositores.htm
[205] http://www.mic.pt/dispatcher?where=0&what=0
[206] http://cimro.ro/people/composers/
[207] http://www.abc-guitar.narod.ru/
[208] http://www.classicalmusic.spb.ru/ruvoclassic/composers/
[209] http://www.russisches-musikarchiv.de/werkverzeichnisse-index.htm
[210] http://www.musenc.ru/
[211] http://www.remusik.org/en/
[212] http://www.scottishmusiccentre.com/?action=backpage&scope=currentmem
[213] https://scottishcomposers.wordpress.com/
[214] http://www.hc.sk/hudba/skladatelia/
[215] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Slovak_composers
[216] http://www.dss.si/?spada=1&lang=en
[217] http://www.domus.ac.za/content/view/42/59/
[218] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_African_composers
[219] http://home.wanadoo.nl/ovar/sovcom.htm
[220] http://www.trumpetguild.org/journal/d94/9412Gilr.pdf
[221] http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06302005-125300/unrestricted/app,biblio,biosketch.pdf
[222] http://www.musikagileak.com/euskera/bazkideak/
[223] http://www.accompositors.com/compositores.php
[224] http://www.catmusica.cat/index_cm.htm?mainContent=http%3A//www.catmusica.cat/pcatmusica/cmSeccio.jsp%3Fseccio%3Dautor%26tipus%3Dautor%26emissora%3Dcm
[225] http://www.cosicova.org/asociados.htm
[226] http://www.fst.se/tonsattare
[227] http://www.algonet.se/~urpe/svcomp.htm
[228] http://www.mic.se/avd/mic/prod/micv6eng.nsf/AllDocuments/9121E41E7EBFC5E9C125723000768049
[229] http://runeberg.org/muslex/
[230] http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_schwedischer_Komponisten_klassischer_Musik
[231] http://runeberg.org/sbh/
[232] https://sok.riksarkivet.se/SBL/Start.aspx
[233] http://swedishsong.com/dates.php
[234] http://www.musicedition.ch/sme/index_d.htm
[235] http://www.rism-ch.org/
[236] http://www.musinfo.ch/index.php?content=schaufenster&voir=komponisten
[237] http://dbserv1-bcu.unil.ch/persovd/compvd.php?Code=A
[238] http://anm.odessa.ua/mic/mic-cbase.html
[239] http://www.composers.com/composerlist
[240] http://www.sai-national.org/home/ComposersBureau/tabid/60/Default.aspx
[241] http://www.music-usa.org/catalog/cat_comp.php4?g_org=N
[242] http://www.music-usa.org/program/members.php4?g_org=N&frames=Y
[243] http://www2.uakron.edu/ccga/composers/index.htm
[244] http://www.ctcomposers.org/members.html
[245] http://www.iowacomposers.org/index.php?module=pagesetter&tid=3&tpl=cols&orderby=MbrName
[246] http://www.licamusic.org/
[247] http://libweb.uoregon.edu/music/ORcomposers/orcomp.html
[248] http://www.radford.edu/~scl-web/members/directory.html
[249] http://www.wiscomposers.org/members/index.html
[250] http://music.library.wisc.edu/wma/resources/wiscomp.htm
[251] http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-11152005-001938/unrestricted/Antonov_dis.pdf
[252] https://yale.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.bbkl.de
[253] http://test.woodwind.org/Databases/Composers/Names/index.html
[254] http://clarinetquintet.web.unc.edu/the-quintets/
[255] http://johnranck.net/studio/clinic/practice_corner/links/composers.html
[256] http://www.flutepage.de/
[257] http://web.archive.org/web/20090616183241/http://arrakis.es/~dedeo/04b-catalogo.htm
[258] http://web.archive.org/web/20080610151128/http://www.arrakis.es/~dedeo/04c-catalogo.htm
[259] http://www.musicated.com/CGCL/music/CGCL_az.html
[260] http://dirk.meineke.free.fr/classical.html
[261] http://www.durand-salabert-eschig.com/formcat/instruments/eschig/guitare_2001.pdf
[262] http://www.earlyromanticguitar.com/erg/composers.htm
[263] http://web.archive.org/web/20041206174354/http://www.music.ne.jp/~becanet/writes/19thitgu.pdf
[264] http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/~agg/guitar/gtrlnat.html
[265] http://www.guitarraclasicadelcamp.com/partituras/
[266] http://www.australianmusiccentre.com.au/documents/hsc/AMC_HSC_2009_Guitar.pdf
[267] http://www.sheerpluck.de/composers.php
[268] http://jensb-r.homepage.dk/rrr.htm
[269] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_composers_for_the_classical_guitar_%28nationality%29
[270] http://www.hymnary.org/people?qu=+in:people
[271] http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/bio-a.htm
[272] http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_musiciens_de_jazz_de_A_%C3%A0_K#A
[273] http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_musiciens_de_jazz_de_L_%C3%A0_Z#L
[274] http://www.jazzhouse.org/gone/lastpost.php3
[275] http://opera.stanford.edu/opera/composers/A-Z.html
[276] http://www.italianopera.org/elenchi/CA.htm
[277] http://www.impresario.ch/libretto/
[278] http://www.zarzuela.net/ref/composer.htm
[279] http://www.organ-biography.info/
[280] http://kith.org/jimmosk/organ.html
[281] http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_von_Organisten
[282] http://pianopedia.com
[283] http://www.left-hand-brofeldt.dk/
[284] http://web.archive.org/web/20140124092857/http://recorderhomepage.net/composers.html
[285] http://www153.pair.com/bensav/Compositeurs/Complist.html
[286] http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/cindex.html
[287] http://www.deutscheslied.com/en/search.cgi?cmd=composers
[288] http://www.stabatmater.info/composers.html
[289] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_viola:_A_to_E
[290] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_viola:_F_to_K
[291] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_viola:_L_to_R
[292] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_compositions_for_viola:_S_to_Z